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Islamophobia and New Populism in Contemporary Western Europe: France and the Netherlands
Kočařová, Martina ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
Islamophobia and New Populism in Contemporary Western Europe: France and the Netherlands Bc. Martina Kočařová The Master thesis Islamophobia and New Populism in Contemporary Western Europe: France and the Netherlands explores current transformations of populism in contemporary Western Europe. The main objectives of the thesis are following: First, to verify a hypothesis implying that islamophobia has become a new feature of the contemporary populism, which has been consequently changing in terms of its content. Thus, it can hardly be classified as another form of the 'far right' politics. In this context, one may observe its shift towards the centre of the political party system. Second, based on the above outlined assumption, we aim to study whether the populist parties can be considered 'populist' in spite of the new features they have recently adopted. The theoretical framework of our research refers to Paul Taggart's conceptualisation of populism applying it on the cases of the French National Front under the lead of Marine Le Pen and the Dutch Party for Freedom and his leader Geert Wilders.
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Extreme right aspects of Marine Le Pen's discourse during the presidential election in 2017
Waldová, Julie ; Matějka, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bauer, Paul (referee)
In recent years, Marine Le Pen has been trying to steer away from the far-right past of the National Front (now the National Rally) to become a "party like any other" and thus become a part of the French political mainstream. Since Le Pen became its chairman in 2011, the party has undergone many changes through which the National Front has tried to normalize its rhetorics in order to regain its lost credibility in the eyes of the public. For this transformation, the term dédiabolisation is used, particularly in Francie. In 2017, Le Pen ran for the French president. Though Emmanuel Macron eventually succeeded in the second round of elections, 33.39% of the votes that the National Front candidate received may be perceived as a genuine return of the party to the struggle for political power. Thus, in the context of the growing electoral preferences of populist radical right-wing parties, this thesis addresses the "normalized" discourse of Marine Le Pen in the presidential election and identifies its far-right aspects. A detailed analysis both of her pre-election speeches and her political program then outlines the direction in which France could move towards under the potential rule of the National Front.
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National Rally's European Policy Change In-Between Years 2011-2019
Mašek, Martin ; Emler, David (advisor) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
Euroscepticism is a phenomenon of recent years and one of the biggest challenges for the European Union. The successful Brexit referendum has reinforced these tendencies. Marine Le Pen is one of the most vocal critics of European integration on the continent. However, in the last ten years, the National Rally has markedly rethought its position on fundamental issues of European politics. The idea of leaving the European Union has been definitively abandoned, and neither is leaving the common European currency. Instead, the National Rally focuses on criticising globalism and calls for protectionist economic measures under the pretext of environmental protection. It thus continues the ongoing transformation policy of dediabolisation, which is designed to increase the party's electoral potential. This bachelor thesis analyses the electoral changes in the National Rally's European politics, explains their causes and then analyses the different steps according to the three-dimensional typology of euroscepticism of political scientist Sofia Vasilopoulou. It further demonstrates that Euroscepticism cannot be perceived monolithically and presents the reasons that make it difficult for Eurosceptic parties to form coalitions to reform the EU.
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Right-wing and left-wing populism in the 2017 French presidential election
Klinková, Karolína ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Tomalová, Eliška (referee)
The rise of populism is one of the most significant political phenomena of the last decade. Although populism has been studied from various perspectives, especially in recent years, there is still number of unresolved issues related to the phenomenon. One of them is a question of the relation between right-wing and left-wing populist policies. In this context, the thesis deals with the case of the 2017 French presidential election. In this vote, both right- wing populist Marine Le Pen and left-wing populist Jean-Luc Mélenchon achieved extraordinary political success. The thesis examines policy content of the selected thematic areas that the candidates were focusing on during the election campaign. It specifically examines electoral programs and media statements of the candidates as the sources of their policies. The thesis provides an analysis of the policy content of individual candidates, as well as a comparison of the policies in the selected thematic areas. Its main output is a description of the common and different features of the pre-election promises of the two selected populist politicians.
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Extreme right aspects of Marine Le Pen's discourse during the presidential election in 2017
Waldová, Julie ; Matějka, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bauer, Paul (referee)
In recent years, Marine Le Pen has been trying to steer away from the far-right past of the National Front (now the National Rally) to become a "party like any other" and thus become a part of the French political mainstream. Since Le Pen became its chairman in 2011, the party has undergone many changes through which the National Front has tried to normalize its rhetorics in order to regain its lost credibility in the eyes of the public. For this transformation, the term dédiabolisation is used, particularly in Francie. In 2017, Le Pen ran for the French president. Though Emmanuel Macron eventually succeeded in the second round of elections, 33.39% of the votes that the National Front candidate received may be perceived as a genuine return of the party to the struggle for political power. Thus, in the context of the growing electoral preferences of populist radical right-wing parties, this thesis addresses the "normalized" discourse of Marine Le Pen in the presidential election and identifies its far-right aspects. A detailed analysis both of her pre-election speeches and her political program then outlines the direction in which France could move towards under the potential rule of the National Front.
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Le Front National - Le Rassemblement national under the leadership of Marine Le Pen
Sasýnová, Klára ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
The theme of the bachelor thesis is National front (Le Front national) - National Rally (Le Rassemblement national) under the leadership of Marine Le Pen. First part of the thesis is focused on political parties in general. It explains their foundation, function and typology. Subsequently it devotes to the system of French political parties. The thesis includes mapping of historical development of National front under the leadeship of Jean-Marie Le Pen. The thesis puts the biggest emphasis on National front (National Rally) under the leadership of Marine Le Pen and also on oncoming European parliament's elections. The goal of the thesis is to study and to analyse specialized politological Czech and French literature and authentical documents about theme of contemporary political party in France, specifically National Front - National Rally, to focus on president election's programmes and parliament's programmes of National Front - National Rally. Also to map National front's programme before the oncoming European parliament's elections.
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Political Extremism in France with a Focus on the National Front (" Le Front national")
Nejedlý, Vladimír ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
The topic of this thesis is political extremism in France, mainly focused on Front National. In the first part, there is defined term extremism, described its typology and its connection to the political system - political parties and its form at present. The content of the next part is to map historical developments of right-wing extremism in France, roots and its tradition. This thesis is mainly focused on development of Front National - since the formation to the present. The aim of this thesis is to map political extremism in France, mainly The Front National, comparison of the political party's development in the different stages. The focus is put on the comparison of its policy agenda and electors especially in connection to the change of leaders of the Front national during its existence (from Jean-Marie Le Pen to Marine Le Pen). Specialised literature in Czech and French and authentic documents were used for the preparation of this thesis. KEYWORDS extremism, right-wing extremism, political parties, Front National, Jean-Marie Le Pen, Marine Le Pen
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National Front: Old extreme right or new extreme right?
Valenta, Pavel ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
The thesis is focused on the development and transformation of the National Front, largely after Marine Le Pen took up the position of the party's boss in 2011. An analysis of the direction of the party will be conducted to answer research questions, with the main emphasis on the development of the party from 2011. The analysis will be made with the reflection of the events of recent years, especially considering the influence of Marine Le Pen on the events around the party and her own actions. Based on these facts, in combination with the theoretical part of the thesis, the work has the ambition to answer research questions, including a question in the title of the thesis itself. The thesis is divided into several parts. In the first part, after the introduction into the problems of thesis, the aim of thesis is revealed, followed by methodology and overall overview of the structure of work. Another (theoretical) part defines key concepts. The following part deals with the general historical development of the party. The final part of the thesis focuses on the transformation of the National Front under the leadership of Marine Le Pen and, in the context of the theoretical part, attempts to answer research questions and outlines possible options for future development.
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